PARADIGMA TEOLOGI PUBLIK MUSDAH MULIA

(Menghadapi Industrialisasi Algoritma Digital)

Abstract

This article examines the public theology of Musdah Mulia in the contemporary context, focusing on the protection of minorities amid the increasingly complex dynamics of digital spaces. Using a qualitative literature-based approach, this study explores how Musdah Mulia’s public theology is understood as an ethical praxis that promotes justice, humanity, and the liberation of minority groups from the dangers of digital algorithm industrialization. The study also compares her ideas with the public theological perspectives of Jürgen Habermas, David Tracy, and Miroslav Volf. The findings reveal that her public theology strongly emphasizes social justice, minority protection, and criticism of exploitative digital algorithms and materialistic digital power structures. In the era of technological disruption, digital spaces function not only as communication media but also as arenas of information warfare, disinformation, and public opinion manipulation. Artificial intelligence further strengthens algorithmic influence on social reality while creating risks of bias, dehumanization, and unequal access to knowledge. Therefore, Musdah Mulia’s public theology offers a relevant ethical-critical framework for building collective awareness of the dangers of digital domination and the importance of humanistic technology governance.